Star Trek’s Women Writers
by JARRAH HODGE
Earlier in September new numbers came out showing women have made teeny, tiny gains in representation behind-the-scenes of TV shows. According to Yahoo! TV:
“In a sign of the incremental growth, women made up 28 percent of creators, producers, directors, writers, editors, and directors of photography working on programs airing on the broadcast networks in 2012-13.”
The positions listed in the quote are what are known as “clout positions” because the people in them are the ones who have the most creative control over what ends up being shown on your TV screen. So when women, people of colour, LGBT people and people with disabilities are left out, that can impact what ends up being beamed into our living rooms.
Star Trek, like most other shows, had behind-the-scenes gender gaps, though they varied by series and season. In TOS, only 22.5% of episodes credit at least one woman writer. That went up to 30.5% during TNG, but back down to a dismal 17% in Deep Space Nine (Season 7 of Deep Space Nine credits zero women writers). 25% of Voyager episodes and 22% of Enterprise episodes credit at least one woman writer. All the other ones were written entirely by men.
That’s not to say that men can’t write great women characters and feminist stories. Certainly in Star Trek they have. But I wanted to take a look back at the women working behind the scenes of the five live-action Star Trek series, starting with the writers. I wanted to celebrate all the women from D.C. Fontana on, who broke barriers and made their mark on the franchise.
It’s hard to narrow down what to highlight.
D.C. Fontana’s The Enterprise Incident and Jean Lisette Aroeste’s Is There In Truth No Beauty? brought us some of the most interesting, complex, empowered women guest characters in the entire Original Series.
Melinda M. Snodgrass’ script for The Measure of a Man was the first TNG script ever accepted on spec and it has stood the test of time, widely recognized as one of the top 10 episodes of TNG.
Message in a Bottle, teleplay by Lisa Klink, strikes an impressive balance between being exciting and humorous, all the while doing the work of character-building for Seven of Nine, Torres and The Doctor.
But there’s so much more.
I created the list below as a resource for other people who want to find Trek episodes that credit women writers. I chose to include women who received credit for writing, teleplay, or story, due to the difficulty making judgments about who had what significant impact over a particular script.
STAR TREK: THE ORIGINAL SERIES (1966 – 1969)
1X07 | Charlie X | Teleplay by D.C. Fontana |
1X21 | Tomorrow is Yesterday | Written by D.C. Fontana |
1X25 | This Side of Paradise | Teleplay by D.C. Fontana, Story co-written by D.C. Fontana |
2X03 | Friday’s Child | Written by D.C. Fontana |
2X15 | Journey to Babel | Written by D.C. Fontana |
2X17 | The Gamesters of Triskelion | Written by Margaret Armen |
2X21 | By Any Other Name | Teleplay co-written by D.C. Fontana |
2X24 | The Ultimate Computer | Teleplay by D.C. Fontana |
3X03 | The Paradise Syndrome | Written by Margaret Armen |
3X04 | The Enterprise Incident | Written by D.C. Fontana |
3X07 | Is There in Truth No Beauty? | Written by Jean Lisette Aroeste |
3X08 | The Empath | Written by Joyce Muskat |
3X09 | The Tholian Web | Co-written by Judy Burns |
3X14 | That Which Survives | Story by Michael Richards (pseudonym for D.C. Fontana) |
3X19 | The Cloud Minders | Teleplay by Margaret Armen |
3X20 | The Way to Eden | Story co-written by Michael Richards (pseudonym for D.C. Fontana) |
3X23 | All Our Yesterdays | Written by Jean Lisette Aroeste |
3X18 | The Lights of Zetar | Co-written by Shari Lewis |
STAR TREK: THE NEXT GENERATION (1987 – 1994)
1X01 | Encounter at Farpoint | Co-written by D.C. Fontana |
1X03 | The Naked Now | Co-written by J. Michael Bingham (pseudonym for D.C. Fontana) |
1X04 | Code of Honor | Written by Katharyn Powers |
1X05 | Where No One Has Gone Before | Co-written by Diane Duane |
1X07 | Lonely Among Us | Teleplay by D.C. Fontana |
1X16 | Too Short a Season | Teleplay co-written by D.C. Fontana |
1X17 | When the Bough Breaks | Written by Hannah Louise Shearer |
1X20 | Heart of Glory | Story co-written by D.C. Fontana |
1X23 | Skin of Evil | Teleplay co-written by Hannah Louise Shearer |
1X24 | We’ll Always Have Paris | Co-written by Deborah Dean Davis and Hannah Louise Shearer |
1X26 | The Neutral Zone | Story co-written by Debroah McIntyre and Mona Clee |
2X05 | Loud as a Whisper | Written by Jacqueline Zambrano |
2X08 | A Matter of Honor | Story co-written by Wanda M. Haight |
2X09 | The Measure of a Man | Written by Melinda M. Snodgrass |
2X11 | Contagion | Co-written by Beth Woods |
2X15 | Pen Pals | Teleplay by Melinda M. Snodgrass, Story by Hannah Louise Shearer |
2X18 | Up the Long Ladder | Written by Melinda M. Snodgrass |
3X02 | The Ensigns of Command | Written by Melinda M. Snodgrass |
3X08 | The Price | Written by Hannah Louise Shearer |
3X11 | The Hunted | Written by Robin Bernheim (pseudonym for Robin Burger) |
3X12 | The High Ground | Written by Melinda M. Snodgrass |
3X20 | Tin Man | Co-written by Dennis Putman Bailey (combined credit to Lisa Putman White and Dennis Russell Bailey) |
3X21 | Hollow Pursuits | Written by Sally Caves |
3X22 | The Most Toys | Written by Shari Goodhartz |
3X24 | Ménage a Troi | Co-written by Susan Sackett |
4X04 | Suddenly Human | Co-written by Jeri Taylor |
4X07 | Reunion | Teleplay and story co-written by Jo Perry |
4X08 | The Loss | Story by Hilary J. Bader, Teleplay co-written by Hilary J. Bader and Vanessa Greene |
4X10 | The Wounded | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor, Story co-written by Sara Charno |
4X12 | Final Mission | Teleplay co-written by Jeri Taylor and Kacey Arnold-Ince, Story by Kacey Arnold-Ince |
4X17 | Night Terrors | Teleplay by Pamela Douglas and Jeri Taylor, Story by Shari Goodhartz |
4X20 | Qpid | Story co-written by Randee Russell |
4X21 | The Drumhead | Written by Jeri Taylor |
5X04 | Silicon Avatar | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor |
5X06 | The Game | Story co-written by Susan Sackett |
5X07 | Unification I | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor |
5X10 | New Ground | Story co-written by Sara Charno |
5X12 | Violations | Teleplay by Pamela Gray and Jeri Taylor, Story co-written by Shari Goodhartz and Pamela Gray |
5X16 | Ethics | Story co-written by Sara Charno |
5X17 | The Outcast | Written by Jeri Taylor |
5X22 | Imaginary Friend | Teleplay co-written by Edithe Swensen, Story co-written by Jean Louise Matthias |
6X01 | Time’s Arrow II | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor |
6X05 | Schisms | Story co-written by Jean Louise Matthias |
6X07 | Rascals | Teleplay by Allison Hock, Story co-written by Diana Dru Botsford |
6X13 | Aquiel | Story by Jeri Taylor |
6X19 | Lessons | Co-written by Jean Louise Matthias |
6X26 | Descent | Story by Jeri Taylor |
7X02 | Liaisons | Teleplay by Jeanne Carrigan Fauci and Lisa Rich |
7X07 | Dark Page | Written by Hilary J. Bader |
7X14 | Sub Rosa | Story by Jeri Taylor, based on material by Jeanna F. Gallo |
7X15 | Lower Decks | Story by Jean Louise Matthias |
STAR TREK: DEEP SPACE NINE (1993 – 1999)
1X03 | Past Prologue | Written by Katharyn Powers |
1X05 | Babel | Story co-written by Sally Caves |
1X06 | Captive Pursuit | Teleplay co-written by Jill Sherman Donner, Story by Jill Sherman Donner |
1X07 | Q-Less | Story by Hannah Louise Shearer |
1X08 | Dax | Teleplay co-written by D.C. Fontana |
1X10 | Move Along Home | Teleplay co-written by Lisa Rich and Jeanne Carriagn-Fauci |
1X13 | Battle Lines | Story by Hilary J. Bader |
1X16 | If Wishes Were Horses | Teleplay co-written by Nell McCue Crawford, story co-written by Nell McCue Crawford |
1X19 | Duet | Story co-written by Lisa Rich and Jeanne Carrigan-Fauci |
2X01 | The Homecoming | Story co-written by Jeri Taylor |
2X07 | Rules of Acquisition | Story by Hilary Bader |
2X10 | Sanctuary | Story co-written by Kelley Miles |
2X18 | Profit and Loss | Co-written by Cindy Marcus |
2X20 | The Maquis I | Story co-written by Jeri Taylor |
2X21 | The Maquis II | Story co-written by Jeri Taylor |
3X08 | Meridian | Story co-written by Hilary J. Bader |
3X20 | Explorers | Story by Hilary J. Bader |
4X04 | Hippocratic Oath | Teleplay by Lisa Klink, Story co-written by Lisa Klink |
4X05 | Indiscretion | Story co-written by Toni Marberry |
4X08 | Little Green Men | Story co-written by Toni Marberry |
4X16 | Bar Association | Story co-written by Barbara J. and Jenifer A. Lee |
4X17 | Accession | Written by Jane Espenson |
4X19 | Hard Time | Story co-written by Lynn Barker |
4X21 | The Muse | Story co-written by Majel Barrett Roddenberry |
5X02 | The Ship | Story co-written by Pam Wigginton |
5X10 | Rapture | Story by L.J. Strom* (gender unconfirmed) |
5X19 | Ties of Blood and Water | Story co-written by Robbin L. Slocum |
5X25 | In the Cards | Story co-written by Truly Barr Clark |
6X09 | Statistical Probabilities | Story by Pam Pietroforte |
6X21 | The Reckoning | Story co-written by Gabrielle G. Stanton |
6X25 | The Sound of Her Voice | Story by Pam Pietroforte |
STAR TREK: VOYAGER (1995 – 2001)
1X01 | Caretaker | Teleplay and story co-written by Jeri Taylor |
1X05 | Phage | Teleplay co-written by Skye Dent |
1X07 | Eye of the Needle | Teleplay co-written by Jeri Taylor, Story by Hilary J. Bader |
1X15 | Jetrel | Teleplay co-written by Karen Klein |
1X16 | Learning Curve | Co-written by Jean Louise Matthias |
2X01 | The 37’s | Co-written by Jeri Taylor |
2X04 | Elogium | Teleplay co-written by Jeri Taylor |
2X08 | Persistence of Vision | Written by Jeri Taylor |
2X12 | Resistance | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
2X14 | Alliances | Written by Jeri Taylor |
2X20 | Investigations | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor |
2X22 | Innocence | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
2X25 | Resolutions | Written by Jeri Taylor |
3×06 | Remember | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
3X08 | Sacred Ground | Teleplay by Lisa Klink, Story by Geo Cameron |
3X11 | Warlord | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
3X13 | Fair Trade | Story co-written by Jean Louise Matthias |
3X15 | Coda | Written by Jeri Taylor |
3X16 | Blood Fever | Written by Lisa Klink |
3X20 | Favorite Son | Written by Lisa Klink |
3X22 | Real Life | Teleplay by Jeri Taylor |
3X24 | Displaced | Written by Lisa Klink |
4X03 | Day of Honor | Written by Jeri Taylor |
4X05 | Revulsion | Written by Lisa Klink |
4X07 | Scientific Method | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
4X14 | Message in a Bottle | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
4X15 | Hunters | Written by Jeri Taylor |
4X17 | Retrospect | Teleplay co-written by Lisa Klink |
4X21 | The Omega Directive | Teleplay by Lisa Klink |
4X25 | One | Written by Jeri Taylor |
5X08 | Nothing Human | Written by Jeri Taylor |
5X11 | Latent Image | Story co-written by Eileen Connors |
6X05 | Alice | Story by Juliann deLayne |
6X08 | One Small Step | Teleplay and story co-written by Jessica Scott |
6X11 | Fair Haven | Written by Robin Burger |
6X14 | Memorial | Teleplay by Robin Burger |
6X20 | Good Shepherd | Teleplay co-written by Dianna Gitto, Story by Dianna Gitto |
6X21 | Live Fast and Prosper | Written by Robin Burger |
7X07 | Body and Soul | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
7X14 | Prophecy | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
7X20 | Author, Author | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
7X24 | Renaissance Man | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
STAR TREK: ENTERPRISE (2001 – 2005)
1X04 | Strange New World | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
1X06 | Terra Nova | Teleplay by Antoinette Stella |
1X08 | Breaking the Ice | Co-written by Maria Jacquemetton |
1X09 | Civilization | Co-written by Phyllis Strong |
1X13 | Dear Doctor | Co-written by Maria Jacquemetton |
1X15 | Shadows of P’Jem | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
1X17 | Fusion | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
1X19 | Acquisition | Teleplay co-written by Maria Jacquemetton |
1X21 | Detained | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
2X04 | Dead Stop | Co-written by Phyllis Strong |
2X12 | The Catwalk | Co-written by Phyllis Strong |
2X16 | Future Tense | Co-written by Phyllis Strong |
2X23 | Regeneration | Co-written by Phyllis Strong |
2X25 | Bounty | Teleplay co-written by Phyllis Strong |
3X06 | Exile | Written by Phyllis Strong |
3X19 | Damage | Written by Phyllis Strong |
4X07 | The Forge | Co-written by Judith Reeves-Stevens |
4X11 | Observer Effect | Co-written by Judith Reeves-Stevens |
4X13 | United | Co-written by Judith Reeves-Stevens |
4X16 | Divergence | Co-written by Judith Reeves-Stevens |
4X21 | Terra Prime | Teleplay and story co-written by Judith Reeves-Stevens |
Jarrah Hodge is the founder and editor of the Gender Focus blog which looks at politics, pop culture, and current events from an anti-racist feminist perspective. Gender Focus aims to showcase news and opinion relating to issues of social inequality, stereotyping and representations of marginalized groups in society, and the intersections between gender and public policy. In 2011 and 2012 Gender Focus was named the “Best Feminist Blog” in the juried Canadian Weblog Awards. Jarrah has B.A. in Women’s Studies and Sociology from UBC, and has written for the Huffington Post, Bitch Magazine Blogs, the Vancouver Observer and About-Face.
On Jarrah’s secondary blog, Trekkie Feminist, she does in-depth analysis of Star Trek and feminism. Jarrah is a featured panelist at conventions discussing feminism relating to Star Trek and sci-fi. Follow Jarrah on Twitter.
by Deyvid